Autoimmune Diseases Dictionary

t-cells: Immune system cells that patrol the body for invaders and attack infection. In MS patients, t-cells mistakenly attack the protective covering of nerve cells (i.e. the myelin) and expose bundles of long nerve fibers. This damage makes it difficult for the brain to transmit messages. Damage can result in MS.

tetracyclines: A type of antibiotic generally used to kill certain bacteria and believed by some to help in cases of rheumatoid arthritis.

tissue transglutaminase: Also known as tTG, an enzyme that crosslinks proteins creating a bond that is highly resistant to protein degradation.

transglutaminase antibodies: Antibodies produced in a reaction against gluten.

trigeminal neuralgia: A set of multiple sclerosis symptoms that cause intense facial pains as a result of damage to the trigeminal nerves. The face has two trigeminal nerves, one on each side. The trigeminal nerves detect facial sensations. One or both nerves may be affected by trigeminal neuralgia.

tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers: Drugs that are sometimes used in the rheumatoid arthritis treatment process.

Uhthoff's syndrome: A condition that describes a worsening of visual blurriness symptoms after exposure to a hot environment or after exercise.

ulnar deviation: A finger deformity where the fingers point out to the sides of the hand.

urinalysis: A test for unusual chemicals or substances in urine.

urinary tract infection (UTI): A bacterial infection that affects a part of the urinary tract system and often affects those with multiple sclerosis.

vaculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels.

vaginal ulcers: Symptom of lupus, open sores on the vagina.

villi: Tiny finger-like protuberances that cover the inside of the small intestine and aid in the absorption of nutrients.

villous atrophy: A symptom of celiac disease; an abnormality of the small intestine that results atrophy of villi.

villous blunting: Damage to the villi of the small intestine.

visual evoked potentials (VEPs): Tests to determine the brain’s response to stimulation of the optic nerve and sensory nerves.

weight loss: A symptom of celiac disease caused by the inability to absorb carbohydrates and fats.